Behavioral management in the dental care of patients with autism spectrum disorder: an integrative review

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) profoundly influences health, behavior, and the way individuals experience clinical care, particularly in sensory-intense environments such as dental settings. Children, adolescents, and adults with ASD frequently present sensory hypersensitivity, communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and resistance to touch, factors that challenge adherence, cooperation, and safety during dental procedures. This integrative review aimed to identify, analyze, and synthesize the main behavioral management strategies employed in the dental care of individuals with ASD, incorporating not only clinical aspects but also social, familial, and psychosocial determinants that shape the care experience. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 2017 and 2024. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively. The findings demonstrate that strategies such as systematic desensitization, positive reinforcement, adapted communication, predictable routines, and the tell-show-do method consistently reduce anxiety and promote clinical cooperation. Furthermore, the review highlights the essential role of family involvement, specialized professional training, and interdisciplinary collaboration in delivering comprehensive and humanized care. It is concluded that behavioral management, when applied in a planned, empathetic, and individualized manner, enhances not only the success of dental procedures but also social inclusion, autonomy, and quality of life for individuals with ASD.