Burnout Syndrome: impacts, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Abstract

Burnout is a complex and multifaceted syndrome resulting from chronic emotional stress in the workplace. This phenomenon significantly affects mental health and professional performance, comprising three components: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment. Emotional Exhaustion manifests as physical and mental energy depletion, Depersonalization involves cynical and dehumanizing attitudes, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment is characterized by a negative perception of one's performance. The concept of burnout was introduced in the 1970s by Herbert Freudenberger and expanded by Maslach and Leiter in 1997 to include various professions beyond direct assistance services. The syndrome has been officially recognized by the WHO, and its prevalence has been increasing, especially in professions with high emotional demands. Risk factors for developing burnout include organizational, individual, work-related, and social aspects. Clinical manifestations range from mild to extreme symptoms, affecting both physical and mental health. Diagnosis involves a detailed clinical interview and differentiation from other mental disorders. Treatment and prevention of burnout encompass individual interventions such as cognitive-behavioral techniques and meditation, as well as organizational changes like improving work schedules and increasing worker participation in decision-making.