The role of Enteral Nutritional Support in critically ill patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15267880Keywords:
Enteral Nutrition, Critically Patient, Nutritional TherapyAbstract
Critically ill patients are at high risk of complications such as muscle mass loss, infections, and increased hospital mortality. Enteral Nutritional Therapy (ENT) is essential in this context, often indicated when oral feeding is not feasible and the gastrointestinal tract remains functional. ENT helps preserve intestinal mucosal integrity, modulate the immune system, and reduce catabolism. This study conducted a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach, based on articles published between 2004 and 2020 from PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The objective was to analyze the influence of ENT on the recovery of critically ill patients. Results indicate that ENT should preferably be started within the first 48 hours of ICU admission, progressively reaching nutritional goals. Adequate protein intake proved to be more decisive than caloric intake, being associated with lower mortality and better clinical outcomes. Factors such as glycemic control, fiber content in the formula, and interruptions in ENT administration significantly affect the nutritional support's effectiveness. It is concluded that early and well-monitored ENT improves recovery, reduces hospital stay and mortality in critically ill patients. The integrated role of nutritionists, physicians, and nursing staff, along with the implementation of protocols to minimize interruptions, is essential to optimize the outcomes of enteral nutritional therapy.
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