Epilepsy: advances in front of conducts in the emergency aid

Abstract

Epilepsy, distinct from seizures caused by acute insults to the CNS, is defined by the occurrence of unprovoked seizures. The condition can compromise cognitive functions and requires a multifaceted therapeutic approach, including antiepileptic medications (ASDs) and other interventions. Studies reveal that up to 80% of patients go into prolonged remission, but the effectiveness and safety of treatments vary. This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of management strategies for epilepsy, focusing on recent therapeutic interventions. Studies from the last 5 years were reviewed in databases such as PubMed and LILACS, excluding outdated and irrelevant articles. The review identified 14 relevant studies comparing traditional and new treatments. Newer generation ASDs such as lamotrigine and levetiracetam have shown better safety profiles compared to older medications but with similar efficacy. Responsive brain neurostimulation has shown significant reductions in seizure frequency and improvements in quality of life. Comparative studies indicated that lamotrigine is superior to levetiracetam and zonisamide in terms of efficacy and cost-effectiveness, while valproate was more effective than levetiracetam for generalized epilepsy. The analysis reveals significant advances in antiepileptic medicines and innovative therapies, reinforcing the importance of personalized approaches to the management of epilepsy and highlighting the need for a combination of strategies to optimize clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.