Health education in high-risk prenatal care: interprofessional interventions for the prevention of congenital syphilis

Abstract

Congenital syphilis is a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries, due to vertical transmission during pregnancy or childbirth. Although preventable, the lack of early diagnosis and treatment adherence results in severe complications for the newborn. In high-risk prenatal care, health education plays a central role in raising awareness among pregnant women, requiring an interprofessional approach to ensure preventive behaviors and adherence to care. The infection, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, can lead to malformations, neurological impairment, and even fetal death. Prevention involves early diagnosis and treatment with penicillin. Health education aims to empower pregnant women, build bonds, and promote informed decisions, with the support of multiprofessional teams. This study conducted an integrative review of 947 articles, of which 10 were included, published between 2020 and 2024. Strategies such as shared consultations and home visits were analyzed. The results showed higher treatment adherence and a reduction in complications, demonstrating the effectiveness of the multiprofessional approach. Despite challenges in remote areas, the interprofessional model strengthened care and maternal-infant health, proving essential in preventing congenital syphilis.