Advances in minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of uterine fibroids: impact on fertility rates and postoperative recovery

Abstract

This article presents a systematic review of advancements in minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of uterine fibroids, focusing on the impact of these approaches on fertility and postoperative recovery. In the introduction, the characteristics of fibroids are described, highlighting their benign and hormone-dependent nature, as well as associated risk factors and symptoms, such as pelvic pain and abnormal uterine bleeding. Minimally invasive methods, such as uterine artery embolization (UAE), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and laparoscopic myomectomy, are highlighted as promising alternatives to conventional surgical treatment, allowing for fertility preservation and rapid patient recovery. In the methodology section, the article details the selection criteria for included studies based on literature reviews in databases such as PubMed and LILACS, covering publications from the last 20 years. Studies focusing on minimally invasive techniques that emphasized fertility outcomes and postoperative recovery were prioritized, while studies that did not meet these criteria were excluded. In the results and discussion, the selected studies indicate that minimally invasive techniques show significant advantages, such as UAE and HIFU, which allow for faster recovery and lower complication rates. UAE has proven effective in reducing the size of fibroids and related symptoms, although it may impact ovarian reserve. HIFU, although still experimental, shows promise in preserving fertility. Laparoscopic myomectomy remains the best choice for women seeking fertility preservation, with lower complication rates and shorter hospital stays compared to open surgeries. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that minimally invasive methods for the treatment of uterine fibroids offer effective alternatives for patients aiming to preserve fertility, while promoting faster and less painful recovery. However, the choice of method should consider each patient’s individual characteristics, requiring a personalized treatment plan that considers the size and location of fibroids and future pregnancy desires. These technological advances appear promising, but the need for reintervention and specific complications of each technique underscore the importance of a careful evaluation to achieve the best clinical and reproductive outcomes.