The role of nutrition in the management of Diabetic Nephropathy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) that affects many people in both developed and developing countries, such as Brazil, where more than 13 million individuals are diagnosed, representing 6.9% of the population. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a highly prevalent disease in diabetics, especially those with type II diabetes (T2DM). It affects about 40% of patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and is the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Diabetic nephropathy is mainly influenced by factors such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and genetic predisposition. Methodology: The main focus of this research was to investigate the role of nutrition as a protective factor in the worsening of diabetic nephropathy symptoms. In the initial phase of the search, a detailed analysis of titles and abstracts was conducted, applying the previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for an in-depth theoretical and contextual discussion. Results: Nutrition plays a crucial role at all stages of life, not only in controlling diabetes by helping to improve blood glucose levels and preventing complications, but also in managing people with nephropathy. The main objective of nutrition in these cases is to preserve renal function, delay the progression of kidney disease, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients. Conclusion: Nutrients such as polyphenols, zinc, and vitamins, as well as the modulation of protein and sodium intake, are essential to reduce oxidative stress and control risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy.