Repercusiones del uso de pantallas en la infancia, la adolescencia, la edad adulta y la vejez: revisión exhaustiva de la evidencia y metaanálisis secundario de dispositivos en el entorno de sueño
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23113280Palabras clave:
Tiempo de pantalla; Salud mental; Desarrollo infantil; Envejecimiento; Sueño; Metanálisis.Resumen
Objetivo: analizar las repercusiones del uso de pantallas a lo largo de la vida y reevaluar la asociación entre dispositivos en el entorno del sueño y sueño insuficiente. Método: revisión amplia mediante búsqueda dirigida de literatura indexada y verificación editorial, con síntesis separada de metanálisis, estudios longitudinales y ensayos disponibles hasta el 2 de octubre de 2026. No se realizó una búsqueda sistemática exhaustiva de todas las bases. El metanálisis secundario incluyó tablas de contingencia de seis estudios pediátricos publicadas por Carter et al. (2016), con efectos aleatorios, ajuste de Hartung–Knapp y análisis de influencia. Resultados: en 6.530 participantes, el acceso a dispositivos se asoció con sueño insuficiente: OR = 1,79; IC 95% = 1,21–2,66; I² = 63,7%; intervalo de predicción = 0,82–3,90. Las asociaciones variaron según edad, modalidad y contexto. En poblaciones mayores, el uso digital cognitivamente activo y la televisión mostraron patrones diferentes. Conclusión: la prevención debe proteger sueño, interacción, movimiento y funcionalidad, manteniendo usos educativos y sociales pertinentes. La evidencia observacional limita las conclusiones causales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Journal of Social Issues and Health Sciences (JSIHS)
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