Impactos metabólicos de las biguanidas en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19433766Palabras clave:
Biguanidas, Efectos metabólicos, Efectos cardiovasculares, Diabetes tipo 2, TratamientoResumen
Introducción: Las biguanidas, especialmente la metformina, se utilizan ampliamente en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), siendo el tratamiento de primera línea para la mayoría de los pacientes. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos metabólicos y cardiovasculares de las biguanidas, en particular la metformina, en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios publicados entre 2004 y 2024 en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios originales y revisiones que abordaban los efectos metabólicos y cardiovasculares de las biguanidas en el tratamiento de la DM2. Se excluyeron informes de casos, editoriales, comentarios y estudios centrados en otras afecciones médicas. Resultados y discusión: La metformina mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina, reduce la producción hepática de glucosa y estabiliza o reduce el peso corporal. Además, disminuye el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares, mejora el perfil lipídico, reduce la inflamación sistémica, mejora la función endotelial y puede prolongar la longevidad. Los estudios indican que la metformina también puede reducir el riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer y mejorar la salud mental de los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. El tratamiento continuo con metformina se asocia con una progresión más lenta de la retinopatía diabética. Conclusión: La metformina desempeña un papel crucial en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2, ofreciendo beneficios que van más allá del control glucémico. Esta revisión subraya la importancia de seguir explorando nuevos agentes derivados de biguanidas con perfiles optimizados de seguridad y eficacia para mejorar aún más el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones.
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