Impactos metabólicos das biguanidas na terapia do diabetes tipo 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19433766Palavras-chave:
Biguanidas, Efeitos Metabólicos, Efeitos Cardiovasculares, Diabetes tipo 2, TratamentoResumo
ntrodução: As biguanidas, especialmente a metformina, são amplamente usadas no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), sendo a primeira linha de tratamento para a maioria dos pacientes. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar os efeitos metabólicos e cardiovasculares das biguanidas, particularmente a metformina, no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática de estudos publicados entre 2004 e 2024 nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos originais e revisões que abordam os efeitos metabólicos e cardiovasculares das biguanidas no tratamento do DM2. Excluíram-se relatórios de caso, editoriais, comentários e estudos focados em outras condições médicas. Resultados e Discussão: A metformina melhora a sensibilidade à insulina, reduz a produção hepática de glicose e estabiliza ou reduz o peso corporal. Além disso, diminui o risco de eventos cardiovasculares, melhora o perfil lipídico, reduz a inflamação sistêmica, melhora a função endotelial e pode prolongar a longevidade. Estudos indicam que a metformina também pode reduzir o risco de certos tipos de câncer e melhorar a saúde mental dos pacientes com DM2. O tratamento contínuo com metformina está associado à menor progressão da retinopatia diabética. Conclusão: A metformina desempenha um papel crucial no tratamento do DM2, oferecendo benefícios além do controle glicêmico. A revisão destaca a importância de continuar explorando novos agentes derivados das biguanidas, com perfis de segurança e eficácia otimizados, para aprimorar ainda mais o manejo do DM2 e suas complicações.
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