Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes: propagación mundial y seguimiento internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18755992Palabras clave:
Enfermedades colectivas, Salud global, Enfermedades transmisibles, Vigilancia de la salud públicaResumen
Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes representan un desafío creciente para la salud global, intensificado por la movilidad acelerada, el cambio ambiental, la urbanización y la expansión de las interacciones entre humanos y animales. La interconexión moderna facilita la rápida diseminación de patógenos a través de los continentes, transformando brotes localizados en crisis globales. Epidemias pasadas, incluyendo el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, la pandemia de influenza de 2009, la enfermedad por el virus del Ébola y la COVID-19, ilustran las vulnerabilidades estructurales de los sistemas internacionales de monitoreo y la gobernanza de la salud global. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores clave de la propagación global de enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y evaluar críticamente la efectividad de los marcos internacionales de monitoreo actuales para mitigar estas amenazas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura con un enfoque analítico descriptivo y crítico utilizando las principales bases de datos biomédicas y documentos institucionales. Se incluyeron publicaciones que abordan los determinantes de la emergencia de enfermedades, los sistemas de vigilancia, los mecanismos de gobernanza y los vínculos conceptuales entre la Seguridad Sanitaria Global, la Cobertura Sanitaria Universal y Una Salud. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático en los dominios estructurales, institucionales y de gobernanza. Los hallazgos indican que, a pesar de los avances tecnológicos en vigilancia, las fragilidades persistentes, como la gobernanza fragmentada, el intercambio inconsistente de datos, las asimetrías financieras y el cumplimiento limitado de los instrumentos regulatorios internacionales, continúan socavando las respuestas globales coordinadas. La pandemia de COVID-19 expuso desajustes entre las agendas de seguridad sanitaria global y las capacidades de los sistemas nacionales de salud. La evidencia respalda la integración de la atención primaria de salud, la cobertura sanitaria universal y los principios de Una Salud como pilares fundamentales para una preparación resiliente. En conclusión, la mitigación efectiva de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes requiere una reforma estructural de los marcos internacionales de monitoreo, el fortalecimiento de los sistemas nacionales de salud, la coordinación multisectorial y una inversión sostenida y equitativa en la gobernanza de la salud global orientada a la prevención.
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GUIMARÃES, Mateus Henrique Dias. GLOBAL HEALTH RESPONSES TO REDUCE INEQUALITIES IN ADDRESSING HEALTH CRISES. Even3 Publicações, v. 10, p. 7763526, 2026. DOI http://doi.org/10.29327/7763526. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.even3.com.br/preprint/global-health-responses-to-reduce-inequalities-in-addressing-health-crises-7635267
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