Los Beneficios de la Lactancia Materna en la Prevención de la Obesidad Infantil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12925421Palabras clave:
Lactancia materna, Leche materna, Obesidad infantilResumen
La lactancia materna es un acto excepcional para la salud del neonato, ya que ejerce una gran influencia en las primeras experiencias nutricionales del individuo, alterando su susceptibilidad para el desarrollo de comorbilidades como la obesidad infantil - una enfermedad crónico-degenerativa y multifactorial considerada como uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en el mundo. Con esto, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar, interpretar y revisar los hallazgos sobre la lactancia materna y su conexión con la obesidad infantil. Para ello, se utilizó la base de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), bajo los descriptores “Lactancia materna” y “Obesidad infantil”, con la selección de artículos de revisión y artículos originales, siguiendo criterios de elegibilidad. Se encontraron 833 textos, con una selección inicial de 139, de los cuales quedaron 22 artículos elegibles. Los artículos, redactados en lengua inglesa, incluían también publicaciones de autores y revistas de diferentes nacionalidades. La mayoría de los artículos abarcaban los años 2016 (cuatro) y 2018 (cuatro), y gran parte fue publicada en los últimos cinco años. Finalmente, se evidencia que la lactancia materna trae beneficios tanto a corto plazo, en la medida en que proporciona un adecuado aporte nutricional necesario para el desarrollo inicial del niño, como a largo plazo, siendo un importante factor de protección contra la obesidad infantil.
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