Monoterapia o terapia combinada con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunológico: comparando efectos adicionales y mecanismos diferenciales en la respuesta antitumoral

Autores/as

  • Maria Fernanda Figueiredo de Souza Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Gabriel Pessanha Amorim Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Ana Carolina de Oliveira Rodrigues Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Joanna Dale Coutinho Pereira Silva Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Isabela Stumpf Marques Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Aline Grandis Guimarães Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Joana Gonzalez Ambrosio Izzo do Amaral Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Patricia Quadrio de Oliveira Veiga Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Gustavo Andrade Vitoi Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor
  • Giovanna Avallone Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis Autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13729930

Palabras clave:

Inhibidores de Puntos de Control, Anti-PD-1, Anti-CTLA-4, Terapia Combinada, Sinergismo

Resumen

El cáncer es un problema de salud pública en Brasil y en todo el mundo, con estimaciones de 18 millones de nuevos casos surgidos a nivel global en 2018 y más de 600,000 nuevos casos en Brasil en 2020. La mortalidad relacionada con la enfermedad es alarmante, con 9.6 millones de muertes por cáncer en 2018. Las células del sistema inmunológico, particularmente los linfocitos T CD8, desempeñan un papel crucial en la defensa contra los tumores. Sin embargo, los mecanismos de evasión inmunológica, como la disminución de la expresión de MHC de clase I en las células tumorales y la acción de los puntos de control inmunológicos como CTLA-4 y PD-1, dificultan la efectividad de la respuesta inmune. El CTLA-4 inhibe la activación de los linfocitos, mientras que el PD-1, al interactuar con sus ligandos, limita la función de los linfocitos, favoreciendo la supervivencia tumoral. La inmunoterapia de bloqueo de puntos de control, con fármacos como el Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) y el Nivolumab (anti-PD-1), ha mostrado resultados prometedores, aumentando la supervivencia y la respuesta en pacientes con cáncer. La combinación de estas terapias presenta mejores resultados que la monoterapia, demostrando una mayor eficacia y activación de las células T efectoras. Sin embargo, existen preocupaciones sobre los efectos adversos y la comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes. La terapia combinada induce un perfil de expresión génica y una respuesta inmune distinta, sugiriendo acciones sinérgicas. A pesar de los resultados alentadores, la necesidad de más investigaciones para comprender plenamente esta sinergia y optimizar la terapia sigue siendo evidente, con el objetivo de mejorar la aplicación clínica y los estándares de tratamiento para el cáncer.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Maria Fernanda Figueiredo de Souza , Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Gabriel Pessanha Amorim , Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Joanna Dale Coutinho Pereira Silva, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Isabela Stumpf Marques, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Aline Grandis Guimarães, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Joana Gonzalez Ambrosio Izzo do Amaral , Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Patricia Quadrio de Oliveira Veiga, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Gustavo Andrade Vitoi, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

  • Giovanna Avallone, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

    Estudante de graduação de Medicina na Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis

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2024-09-07

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SOUZA , Maria Fernanda Figueiredo de et al. Monoterapia o terapia combinada con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunológico: comparando efectos adicionales y mecanismos diferenciales en la respuesta antitumoral. Journal of Social Issues and Health Sciences (JSIHS), [S. l.], v. 1, n. 6, 2024. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13729930. Disponível em: https://ojs.thesiseditora.com.br/index.php/jsihs/article/view/173.. Acesso em: 7 apr. 2025.