Kaposi's Sarcoma: key aspects of the disease

Abstract

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare vascular neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8), characterized by various clinical forms, including classic, endemic, epidemic, and iatrogenic KS. This tumor is particularly prevalent in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, where it often presents in a more aggressive manner. HHV-8 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of KS, promoting the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells and the formation of dysfunctional blood vessels. The diagnosis of KS is made through clinical evaluation of skin lesions, biopsy, and imaging studies to determine the extent of the disease. Treatment varies according to the clinical form and the patient's immunological status, ranging from local approaches such as surgery and radiotherapy to systemic and antiviral therapies, especially in the context of HIV-associated KS. Advances in research on the interaction between HHV-8 and the immune system, as well as new therapeutic strategies, have significantly improved clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. Early detection and personalized treatment are essential for optimizing the management of KS and improving prognoses.