Placental abruption and its impact on maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm placental abruption (PPD) is a serious obstetric condition characterized by early separation of the placenta from the uterus, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates for mother and baby. Factors such as hypertension, trauma and substance use are associated with PPD, which can lead to serious complications, including heavy bleeding and neonatal prematurity. Early identification and effective management, which includes continuous monitoring and control of hypertension, are crucial to improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methodology: This study is an integrative literature review focusing on evidence-based practices to improve PPD care. The PICo strategy was used to formulate research questions and five methodological steps were followed. After reviewing 2,395 papers, 11 relevant articles were selected to analyze factors that influence maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Results and Discussion: PPD is a critical condition that varies globally, reflecting socioeconomic factors and the quality of prenatal care. In Brazil, the prevalence is high, with an increased risk associated with hypertension, advanced age and smoking. PPD results in serious complications such as hemorrhage and prematurity, requiring strict management and prevention through quality prenatal care and early monitoring. Conclusion: PPD is a serious condition with high mortality and morbidity, resulting in severe hemorrhage and prematurity. Early identification and appropriate management, with multidisciplinary monitoring and interventions, are essential to improve outcomes. Specific guidelines and further research are needed to reduce complications and improve maternal and child health.