The Importance of Prenatal Care in Primary Health Care: A Literature Review

Abstract

Pregnancy is a complex process that goes beyond the biological dimension, encompassing social, emotional, and cultural aspects that directly impact maternal and child health. In this context, prenatal care in Primary Health Care is an essential strategy for health promotion, disease prevention, and the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the importance of prenatal care in Primary Health Care, with emphasis on nursing practice, adherence challenges, and strategies to improve the quality of care. This is an integrative literature review with a descriptive and qualitative approach, conducted in the LILACS, BDENF, and SciELO databases, using descriptors related to prenatal care, nursing, Family Health Strategy, and humanization of care. The findings indicate that, although prenatal coverage in Brazil is high, there are still weaknesses regarding the quality of care, early initiation of follow-up, and continuity of care. Socioeconomic factors, low educational levels, geographic barriers, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic stand out as major obstacles to adherence. In this scenario, the role of nurses is fundamental, especially through nursing consultations that integrate technical competence, health education, and humanized care. The humanization of care emerges as a central strategy to strengthen bonds and improve pregnancy outcomes. It is concluded that improving prenatal care requires investment in continuing education, strengthening public policies, and overcoming social inequalities, aiming to ensure comprehensive, equitable, and patient-centered care for pregnant women.