Analysis of mammography exams and cervical cytology exams performed in the state of Pernambuco from 2020 to 2024

Abstract

Breast and cervical cancer are the main public health problems among women in Brazil, and early tracking strategies such as mammograms and cytopathological examinations are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is aimed at analyzing the cytology exams of the cervical and mammography performed in Pernambuco between 2020 and 2024, identifying patterns, challenges and the impacts of public health policies. This is a descriptive observational study with data extracted from the TABNET/DATASUS platform. This analysis covered the period from 2020 to 2024 and was complemented with a literature review in scientific databases. An increase in the number of exams over the period was identified, with a peak in 2023. The age groups of 35-49 and 50-64 years concentrated most exams, with high degree precursor lesions and carcinoma diagnostic rates stable, highlighting the effectiveness of tracking. The resumption of services in 2023 after pandemic highlighted concentrated early diagnostic efforts, but inequalities in tracking access is still reflected, with less adherence of women over 65 years. In this case, factors such as structural and cultural barriers impact regional coverage, especially in the Northeast, possibly the reasons for low adhesions. Specific strategies are necessary to expand equity, regular tracking is critical to reducing cancer-associated mortality. In addition, investments in health policies that prioritize vulnerable populations and the expansion of coverage are essential to overcome the challenges observed in Pernambuco.