Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic advances

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disease, presents significant clinical challenges due to its varied manifestation and diagnostic complexity. This article reviews the etiology, diagnostic methods, therapeutic options, and prognosis of this condition. Using a narrative literature review, we address the main causes and triggering factors, as well as advanced diagnostic techniques, such as specific laboratory tests, biopsies, and high-resolution imaging, which are essential for early identification and comprehensive assessment of the disease. Therapeutic options for SLE range from anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids to immunosuppressants and biological therapies. The choice of treatment is guided by the severity of symptoms and the patient's initial response, emphasizing the importance of personalized and evidence-based approaches. Studies indicate that the prognosis can be positive with early diagnosis and adequate treatment, although challenges remain in managing severe cases and preventing long-term complications. This article highlights the need for future research focused on optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of SLE. Such research is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life of patients, promoting more effective and less invasive therapeutic innovations, thereby contributing to the literature with a comprehensive view of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the importance of continuous advancements in the field.