Post-surgical infections, causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies

Abstract

Initially, surgical interventions were empirical and often resulted in serious complications. A significant advancement occurred in the 19th century with Joseph Lister, who introduced antisepsis, reducing the infection rate. Despite these advancements, postoperative infections remain a significant challenge, affecting patient recovery and increasing the risk of serious complications, such as sepsis. Thus, this study aims to analyze the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies of post-surgical infections. The methodology used in this study was a qualitative narrative bibliographic review, covering the period from 2021 to 2025. The research was conducted in the main scientific databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, with specific descriptors to select the articles. It was found that surgical site infections continue to be one of the main complications after surgeries, potentially leading to serious consequences, such as sepsis. Preventing these infections involves strict care in the pre, during, and postoperative stages, such as controlling comorbidities, administering prophylactic antibiotics, and adhering to aseptic guidelines. Given the above, the prevention of surgical site infections requires na integrated and rigorous approach, from patient preparation to postoperative follow-up. Continuous education and commitment to evidence-based practices are essential to improving outcomes and reducing the risks associated with these complications.