Case report: Cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy with doxorubicin in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12805962Keywords:
Chemotherapy, Cancer, Hematology, CardiotoxicityAbstract
Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is an aggressive type of cancer that requires intensive chemotherapy treatment, such as the CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). Despite being effective, doxorubicin can cause cardiotoxicity, a serious complication that affects cardiac function and can compromise treatment. Design and Methods: The study is based on the patient's medical records, test results and responses to modified cardiological and chemotherapy treatment, carrying out a bibliographical review according to the topic. Case Report: A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and began treatment with six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy. After the third cycle, he developed dyspnea and edema in the lower limbs. Physical examination indicated bibasal rales and peripheral edema. The electrocardiogram revealed nonspecific repolarization changes, and the echocardiogram showed an reduced to 40%, diagnosing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Literature Review: The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is well documented in patients with lymphoma. Studies indicate that the drug can cause direct damage to the myocardium, resulting in ventricular dysfunction. Early interventions, such as modifying the chemotherapy regimen and the use of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, are essential to mitigate these effects and improve recovery of cardiac function. Conclusion: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity represents a critical complication in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The case illustrates the importance of continuous cardiac monitoring and early intervention to allow cancer treatment to continue. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for therapeutic success, ensuring effective management of complications and completion of lymphoma treatment.
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