Human papillomavirus and male infertility: exploring the relationship between infection and reproductive health

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection and an important risk factor for several malignancies, such as cervical cancer. Although widely recognized for its consequences on gynecological health, the impact of HPV on male fertility, especially regarding semen quality and reproductive health, has been underestimated. This study aims to explore the effects of HPV on male fertility, analyzing how the presence of the virus in semen can compromise parameters such as sperm motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation. The research was conducted through a systematic review of the PubMed and SciELO databases, including clinical studies and case reports. The results indicate that HPV infection in semen is associated with alterations in the function of accessory glands, such as the prostate and seminal vesicles, compromising semen quality and reducing conception rates. Furthermore, the infection may be linked to problems such as asthenozoospermia and increased sperm DNA fragmentation. The conclusion is that early detection and appropriate treatment of HPV infection are essential for preserving male fertility and successful conception. Continuous medical follow-up and implementation of targeted therapeutic approaches are essential to improve reproductive outcomes in couples affected by HPV.