Sweet's Syndrome: the role of neutrophils in acute febrile dermatosis

Abstract

Sweet's syndrome, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a rare condition characterized by the sudden onset of painful skin lesions, fever, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The typical lesions present as erythematous papules, nodules, or plaques, predominantly on the face, neck, and upper limbs. The etiology of the syndrome remains uncertain, but associations with infections, inflammatory diseases, hematologic malignancies, and the use of certain medications have been documented. Diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathological criteria, highlighting the presence of neutrophilic infiltrate in the upper dermis without evidence of vasculitis. First-line treatment involves the use of systemic corticosteroids, which generally provide rapid symptom improvement. Other therapeutic options include colchicine and potassium iodide. A careful evaluation is essential to identify possible associated underlying conditions, especially neoplasms, due to their significant prognostic impact. Early identification and proper management of Sweet's syndrome are crucial to improving patients' quality of life and reducing the risk of complications.