The role of Primary Health Care in reducing maternal and infant mortality in rural areas

Abstract

Reducing maternal and infant mortality is a challenge in rural areas due to difficulties in accessing healthcare. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays an essential role in reducing these rates, providing continuous and preventive care. The lack of infrastructure, qualified professionals and adequate prenatal care are factors that aggravate maternal and child vulnerability. This study aimed to analyze the role of PHC in reducing maternal and infant mortality in rural areas, highlighting the challenges and strategies for strengthening care. This is an integrative literature review, in which PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO databases were consulted, using controlled descriptors. The inclusion criteria covered studies between 2020 and 2024, excluding those dealing with urban contexts. The analysis followed a thematic approach, organizing the findings into categories. It emerged that PHC plays a fundamental role in prenatal care, childbirth care and neonatal care, but faces challenges such as a lack of professionals, precarious infrastructure and geographical barriers. The decentralization of obstetric services, the creation of support homes for pregnant women at risk and the use of telemedicine are strategies that can optimize care. Strategies such as strengthening the Family Health Strategy and training professionals are fundamental to improving these indicators. Coordination between health, education and social assistance is also essential to reduce inequalities. The conclusion is that reducing maternal and child mortality in rural areas requires strengthening PHC, professional training and intersectoral policies that guarantee equitable access to health.