Analysis of meningitis in the pediatric population of the state of Tocantins, Brazil (2014-2024)

Abstract

Childhood meningitis is a severe disease that can lead to neurological complications and death, representing a public health issue in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of meningitis in the population aged 0 to 14 years in the state of Tocantins, between 2014 and 2024, identifying epidemiological patterns. It is a descriptive and quantitative research based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and DATASUS. Variations such as age, sex, race/color, and case seasonality were examined. The results indicated an 88.89% reduction in the number of notifications over the studied period, with the highest incidence in February and the lowest in December. A predominance of cases was observed in males and children under one year of age, as well as a higher mortality rate among boys. The pardo (mixed-race) population was the most affected, which may reflect inequalities in access to healthcare. It is concluded that, despite the decline in incidence, childhood meningitis still requires continuous epidemiological surveillance and expansion of immunization policies. Understanding the factors that influence the distribution of the disease may contribute to the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies in Tocantins.