Barriers and psychosocial impacts on Tuberculosis treatment adherence

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a challenging public health issue, affecting millions of people each year, especially in regions of high social and economic vulnerability. Due to the prolonged duration and complexity of treatment, adherence is hindered by psychosocial factors, economic barriers, and the social stigma associated with the disease. Objective: To analyze the psychosocial barriers and psychological impacts that influence treatment adherence in the most affected groups. Methodology: This research constitutes a narrative literature review aimed at compiling and analyzing studies on factors influencing tuberculosis treatment adherence. Data collection was conducted from July to October 2024, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. To ensure comprehensive and accurate results, Health Descriptors (DeCS) such as "tuberculosis," "treatment adherence," "mental health," "psychosocial factors," and "epidemiology" were applied. Results and Discussion: Stigma and psychological distress are directly associated with treatment abandonment, alongside substance abuse and alcohol consumption. Including psychological support alongside pharmacological therapy proves essential in addressing the psychological impacts of tuberculosis, creating a more supportive treatment environment and increasing the likelihood of success. Conclusion: Psychological follow-up helps patients cope with the stress and emotional challenges related to the disease and its treatment. Adherence strategies, such as health education, continuous support, and possible incentives, can motivate patients to follow medical recommendations correctly.