Munchausen Syndrome: implications for psychiatric practice and the healthcare system

Abstract

Munchausen Syndrome is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by the intentional fabrication or induction of physical illnesses or injuries by the patient, without any clear external gain, such as financial or legal benefits. Individuals with this condition often seek medical attention through simulation, exaggeration, or self-induction of symptoms, persistently and convincingly assuming the role of a patient. The diagnosis is challenging due to the deceptive nature of the presented symptoms and the patients’ resistance to psychiatric evaluation. Studies suggest that factors such as childhood trauma, personality disorders, and an intense need for attention and care are common among affected individuals. Munchausen Syndrome places a significant burden on the healthcare system, including the excessive use of medical resources, unnecessary invasive treatments, and increased hospital costs. The treatment approach should be multidisciplinary, involving professionals from various specialties to ensure a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management of the patient. Additionally, ethical and legal challenges frequently arise, as it is necessary to balance the duty of care with the need to avoid unnecessary interventions that could harm the patient. The importance of early identification, ethical management strategies, and the development of effective clinical guidelines are crucial to improving outcomes and minimizing the negative impacts associated with this complex and multifaceted disorder.