Congenital Toxoplasmosis: addressing the challenges of vertical transmission with a focus on perinatal health

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital toxoplasmosis, transmitted from mother to fetus, can cause serious damage to fetal development. Transmission is more risky in the first trimester and early diagnosis is crucial. Treatment includes specific drugs, and prevention, through education and public policies, is essential to reduce the incidence of infection. Methodology: The study is an integrative literature review focused on identifying evidence-based practices to improve the quality of care for congenital toxoplasmosis. The search was conducted in five stages, using the PICo strategy and exploring databases such as LILACS and PubMed. Of the initial 529 papers, 9 were selected after careful screening. Results and Discussion: Vertical transmission of toxoplasmosis is a perinatal health challenge, especially in the second trimester, with a high risk of neonatal complications. Prenatal screening, treatment with spiramycin and early interventions are essential to reduce these risks. Health education and inclusive public policies are key to prevention, especially in vulnerable populations. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to improve perinatal outcomes and mitigate the impacts of congenital toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Congenital toxoplasmosis remains a challenge for perinatal health, requiring better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies to reduce the impacts on the newborn. Preventive measures, such as maternal education and early screening, are crucial. Despite advances, there are still gaps in health policies, highlighting the need for more research and a multidisciplinary approach to improve perinatal outcomes.