Clinical and therapeutic approach to perianal abscess: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications

Abstract

Perianal abscess is an acute infectious condition that manifests in the area around the anus, resulting in intense pain, swelling, and fever. The formation of perianal abscesses is generally attributed to the infection of anal glands, leading to the accumulation of pus. The condition primarily affects young adults and is more common in men than in women. The etiology of perianal abscesses is multifactorial, including factors such as inflammatory bowel diseases, infections, and trauma. Diagnosis is clinical and can be supplemented by imaging studies in complex cases. Treatment involves surgical drainage, which is essential for the resolution of the infection. Antibiotic therapy may be indicated in specific situations, such as in immunosuppressed patients or those with signs of systemic infection. Despite appropriate treatment, perianal abscess carries a high risk of complications, such as the formation of fistulas. Recurrence is common, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients, which highlights the importance of clinical follow-up and appropriate therapeutic approaches.