Comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological profile of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition that affects children and adults, characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, impacting academic, social and professional performance. The global prevalence of ADHD varies from 5% to 10%, being similar in Brazil, where genetic, biological and environmental factors influence the development of the disorder. Furthermore, ADHD often coexists with comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. This study carried out an analysis of the epidemiological profile of ADHD, addressing prevalence, risk factors and associated comorbidities, with the aim of contributing to the formulation of public policies and effective clinical strategies for diagnosis and treatment. The research was conducted through a qualitative and exploratory literature review. The results showed that ADHD involves genetic and neurobiological factors, with dysfunctions in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. The highest prevalence was identified in Southeast Brazil, due to population and socioeconomic factors. The disorder mainly affects children between 6 and 12 years old, with a higher prevalence among boys and white children. ADHD compromises several areas of life, impacting patients' quality of life. Treatment should include multimodal interventions adapted to individual needs, combining pharmacological and therapeutic approaches. It is essential to develop public policies that improve diagnosis and access to treatment to reduce disparities in ADHD care.