Comparación de la seguridad de la anestesia intravenosa total y la anestesia inhalatoria en cirugías oncológicas de cáncer de mama: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14905309Palabras clave:
Anestesia intravenosa total, Anestesia inhalatoria, Cáncer de mama, Recurrencia tumoralResumen
La anestesia es crucial en las cirugías oncológicas, como en el cáncer de mama, siendo la anestesia intravenosa total (AIT) y la anestesia inhalatoria (AI) las técnicas más utilizadas. Esta revisión sistemática, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, comparó la seguridad entre AIT y AI, centrándose en desenlaces como recurrencia, complicaciones y efectos adversos. La búsqueda incluyó bases de datos como MEDLINE y ScienceDirect, sin restricción temporal, y la selección y extracción de datos fueron realizadas por dos revisores independientes. La AIT, especialmente con propofol, se asoció con menores tasas de metástasis, recurrencia y dolor crónico, además de una respuesta inmunológica más controlada. La AI, aunque segura, se relacionó con inmunosupresión y posible progresión tumoral, con algunos estudios que sugieren un mayor riesgo de metástasis. Ambos métodos presentan perfiles de seguridad distintos, destacándose la AIT como potencialmente más favorable en los desenlaces oncológicos. La elección de la técnica debe considerar características individuales, pero se necesitan más estudios para confirmar los efectos a largo plazo y optimizar las prácticas anestésicas en pacientes con cáncer de mama.
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