Comprehensive approach to donovanosis: from diagnosis to treatment and prevention

Abstract

Donovanosis, or granuloma inguinale, is a chronic and endemic bacterial infection caused by the bacillus Klebsiella granulomatis. It is characterized by genital and perianal ulcers that, if not properly treated, can lead to severe complications, including deformities and functional difficulties. The prevalence of donovanosis is higher in tropical and subtropical regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, and parts of Latin America, including Guyana and Brazil. Although the disease is treatable with antibiotics, diagnosis is often delayed, and access to treatment may be limited, especially in remote and resource-poor areas. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, treatment options, and prevention strategies for donovanosis. The review of the existing scientific literature highlights the need for improvements in public health practices, early diagnosis, and treatment availability to control and eventually eradicate donovanosis. It is essential to promote awareness and strengthen prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the global burden of the disease and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.