Understanding and management of laryngomalacia in infants: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Abstract

Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly of the upper airways in infants, characterized by the collapse of the soft tissues of the larynx during inspiration, resulting in inspiratory stridor. This condition is often identified by characteristic clinical symptoms and confirmed by laryngoscopy, which reveals the collapse of the laryngeal structures during breathing. Most cases of laryngomalacia are mild and tend to improve spontaneously with the infant's growth. However, some cases can lead to significant complications, such as sleep respiratory disturbances and feeding difficulties, which may require surgical intervention. Conservative treatments, such as positional adjustments and continuous monitoring, are generally effective, but in more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve airway obstruction. Detailed knowledge of the condition and a well-founded therapeutic approach are essential to optimize clinical outcomes and improve the quality of life for affected patients.