Current approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of pilonidal cyst: a comprehensive analysis

Abstract

A pilonidal cyst is a common medical condition that primarily develops in the sacrococcygeal region, characterized by a cavity filled with secretion or pus. The condition can range from asymptomatic to severe presentations with intense pain, swelling, and infection. It is more frequent in young men, with a peak incidence between the ages of 15 and 30. The formation of the cyst is often associated with factors such as excessive hair growth, continuous friction, and trauma to the affected area. Diagnosis is primarily clinical but can be supplemented by imaging methods such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, particularly to assess complications like fistulas and abscesses. Treatment may involve conservative approaches such as drainage and hygiene care, as well as more invasive surgical options, including cyst excision and management of associated fistulas. Recurrence rates are significant, and the choice of treatment depends on the severity and response to initial treatment. The literature suggests that more comprehensive surgical techniques and preventive strategies, such as regular hair removal and minimizing risk behaviors, can improve outcomes and reduce recurrence.