Ulcerative colitis: analysis of the main aspects of the disease

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of idiopathic origin, characterized by continuous and ascending inflammation of the colon mucosa, with initial involvement, in most cases, of the rectum. It is recognized globally, has two age peaks and its etiology, although not well understood, reveals a multifactorial origin, with genetic, immunological and environmental components. During periods of disease activity, the main symptoms include bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is based on detailed clinical history and complementary exams. The therapeutic approach includes clinical drug treatment and possible surgical interventions. This article is essential for understanding the disease and seeking to improve the quality of life of affected individuals. Its objective is to analyze central characteristics of the disease, in order to contribute to the comprehensive knowledge of its condition. This is a narrative review of the literature, with a bibliographic survey carried out on prominent platforms, based on updated works, with critical analysis and integration of evidence for a better understanding of the main aspects of the disease.