Schizophrenia: etiological aspects and associated risk factors

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, and understanding its etiological and risk factors is essential for improving treatments and the quality of life for patients. This study aims to review the literature on the main factors associated with schizophrenia, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and neurobiological aspects. An integrative review approach was employed, analyzing articles published in the last ten years that address this topic. The results revealed a strong association between genetics and the development of schizophrenia, as well as the relevance of factors such as obstetric complications, early substance use, and psychosocial trauma. Neuroimaging analyses also indicated structural anomalies in the brains of patients, highlighting the complexity of the disorder. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach is crucial for understanding and treating schizophrenia, integrating genetic, environmental, and social aspects, and that promoting early interventions can benefit both patients and caregivers.