Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: key aspects of the disease

Abstract

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a compressive neuropathy that affects the median nerve at the wrist, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. CTS is prevalent and can significantly impact individuals' quality of life, hindering the performance of daily and occupational activities. Occupational factors, such as repetitive use of hand tools and electronic devices, as well as anatomical predispositions and underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, are major contributors to the development of CTS. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, and specific tests, such as the Phalen test and electromyography, in addition to new diagnostic approaches like ultrasound. Treatment options include conservative approaches, such as the use of wrist splints and physical therapies, and surgical interventions, with carpal tunnel release being the most common surgical procedure. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the patient's response to initial therapies.