The role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and research of autism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13149579Keywords:
Autism, Neural Connectivity, Neuroimaging, Autism Spectrum DisorderAbstract
Neuroimaging has played a fundamental role in the diagnosis and research of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), providing valuable insights into the neurobiological bases of this complex condition. This article reviews the main neuroimaging techniques used in autism research, highlighting their contributions to understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing therapeutic interventions. Methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are widely employed to analyze structural and functional differences in the brains of individuals with ASD. For instance, fMRI has revealed atypical patterns of neural connectivity, while DTI has been essential in mapping abnormalities in white matter integrity. PET, on the other hand, provides data on cerebral metabolic activity, contributing to the identification of potential biomarkers. The efficacy of these techniques varies, necessitating a customization of diagnostic approaches based on individual patient characteristics. Future research is needed to optimize the use of these technologies and to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying autism. This study offers a comprehensive and updated overview of neuroimaging strategies, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary and personalized approach to improve the diagnosis and management of ASD.
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