Osteoporosis in the last decade: pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances in a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18881490Keywords:
Osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density, Fragility FracturesAbstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic osteometabolic disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and impaired bone tissue microarchitecture, resulting in a higher risk of fragility fractures. Objective: To analyze and synthesize scientific evidence published between 2014 and 2024 regarding the epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of osteoporosis in adults. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS databases, using descriptors related to osteoporosis, bone mineral density, fragility fractures, and treatment. Results: The findings show a high global prevalence of osteoporosis, a significant association with post-fracture mortality, and persistent underdiagnosis. Advances in understanding the RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt molecular pathways have enabled targeted therapies, including sequential strategies with anabolic and antiresorptive agents. Conclusion: Osteoporosis remains a significant public health problem. Continuous updating of evidence is essential to improve diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic management.
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