Childhood vaccination: challenges in adherence and combating vaccine hesitancy

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood vaccination is an effective and low-cost strategy for preventing infectious diseases, reducing mortality, and strengthening public health. Despite the advances made by the National Immunization Program (PNI), vaccine hesitancy, fueled by misinformation, compromises coverage. In this scenario, the role of nurses in health education and family awareness stands out, which is essential to ensure adherence and community protection. Objective: To analyze the challenges faced by child vaccination adherence. Methodology: Integrated literature review, collecting and summarizing the scientific knowledge already developed. Analysis and discussion of results: Childhood vaccination is an essential strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, protecting both individual and collective health. However, adherence still faces challenges, such as the spread of false information, misconceptions, socioeconomic barriers, and variations in the educational level of the population, which contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Low coverage increases the risk of outbreaks of previously controlled diseases. To address this scenario, it is essential to invest in health education, awareness campaigns, and the direct action of health professionals, especially nurses, ensuring reliable information, adequate guidance, and strengthening confidence in immunizations. Conclusion: Childhood vaccination is essential to prevent disease and protect public health. However, vaccine hesitancy, influenced by misinformation, socioeconomic factors, and education, compromises coverage and favors the resurgence of diseases. Educational strategies, awareness campaigns, and the close involvement of health professionals, especially nurses, are essential to strengthen confidence and ensure individual and community protection.