Delirium: a review of pathogenesis, diagnosis and management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13133872Keywords:
Delirium, Neurocognitive Disorder, Central Nervous SystemAbstract
Delirium is an acute disturbance of attention and consciousness, characterized by rapid onset cognitive changes that fluctuate throughout the day. Assessment can be complex due to its variable presentation and coexistence with other conditions. Diagnostic tools include the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R-98), and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). Its causes are multifactorial, including predisposing factors (such as advanced age and dementia) and precipitating factors (such as infections and metabolic imbalances). Treatment involves multidisciplinary approaches, with non-pharmacological interventions being first-line, including frequent reorientation and a calm environment. Early identification and appropriate management are crucial to improving outcomes and minimizing long-term negative impacts.
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