Analysis and approach to neonatal icterícia clinic: a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition in newborn babies, characterized by the yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive accumulation of bilirubin in the body. Severe cases of hyperbilirubinemia can result in serious complications, such as bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. Therefore, early detection and adequate management of the condition are crucial to avoid long-term complications, being a priority in neonatal care. Objective: This article aims to carry out an in-depth review of the diagnosis and the best clinical practices for the management of neonatal jaundice. Methods: This review was carried out based on a systematic research in scientific literature published between 2014 and 2025. The sources consulted included the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus. Inclusion criteria will select studies that address clinical management, diagnosis and risk factors of neonatal jaundice. In the end, 12 formal studies were included for detailed analysis. Results and Discussion: Phototherapy continues to be the main treatment, with advances such as portable devices that expand access to care. In more serious cases, exsanguinotransfusion is necessary. The review also highlights the importance of parental guidance and constant training of health professionals to ensure rapid diagnosis and effective management of jaundice, especially in areas with scarce resources. Conclusion: Adequate clinical management of neonatal jaundice is essential to prevent serious complications. The implementation of technological innovations and educational programs for countries and health professionals is vital to improve neonatal results. Furthermore, investing in research and public policies that guarantee access to effective treatments can reduce the rates of morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal jaundice.