Chronic tonsil and adenoid conditions in childhood: an evaluation of surgical indications

Abstract

Enlarged palatine and pharyngeal tonsils are a common occurrence in otolaryngology clinics. Representing the primary cause of sleep apnea in children—occurring in approximately 70-75% of cases—surgical removal (adenotonsillectomy) is the preferred treatment for this condition. A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database with the descriptors “Children,” “Chronic tonsillitis,” “Chronic adenoiditis,” and “Surgical indication.” The reviewed studies were published in international journals, including review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The decision to proceed with surgery should be carefully assessed, considering various factors such as the severity of symptoms, the presence of comorbidities, anesthetic and surgical risks, and the preferences of the parents and/or guardians. Additionally, a multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngologists, pediatricians, pulmonologists, and other healthcare professionals is crucial to ensure a comprehensive patient assessment and appropriate treatment planning. Adenotonsillectomy is considered the treatment of choice, offering significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life for patients. However, the decision to perform the surgery should be individualized and based on a thorough, multidisciplinary evaluation of each case.