Anesthesia in cesarean section in patients with eclampsia or preeclampsia: a systematic review

Abstract

Eclampsia and preeclampsia are severe pregnancy complications that pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health, especially during cesarean delivery. The current research aims to identify the appropriate anesthetic technique for cesarean section in patients with eclampsia and preeclampsia. This study reviewed the literature on anesthetic approaches in cesarean sections for patients with these conditions, using the SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS databases. The methodology followed the PICO model, focusing on pregnant patients with eclampsia or preeclampsia, comparing regional and general anesthesia, and analyzing maternal and neonatal outcomes. The results indicate that regional anesthesia is the preferred technique in 70% of cases of mild to moderate preeclampsia, presenting lower complication rates. In contrast, general anesthesia is often necessary in cases of eclampsia. The review highlights the importance of multidisciplinary protocols and effective communication among healthcare teams to optimize outcomes. It is concluded that the choice of anesthetic method should be individualized, considering the severity of the patient's condition and the urgency of the procedure.