Immunohistochemistry as an essential tool in differentiating primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) from metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC): a narrative literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16779016Keywords:
squamous cell carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, pulmonary metastasis, head and neck, biomarkerAbstract
Distinguishing primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) from pulmonary metastases originating from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represents a clinicopathological challenge of high diagnostic complexity. Immunohistochemical analysis has emerged as an essential tool in this context, enabling advanced phenotypic characterization of neoplasms. This narrative review aims to systematize the main emerging immunohistochemical biomarkers, discuss recent methodological advances, and critically analyze the contributions of contemporary literature in improving differential diagnostic accuracy between these often-overlapping histomorphological entities.
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