Current approaches in the treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy: a literature review

Abstract

Ectopic pregnancy is a prevalent condition in early pregnancy, representing one of the main causes of severe abdominal pain in emergency services. Its incidence has increased significantly over the decades, with mortality rates ranging from 9% to 20%. It occurs when the blastocyst implants outside the uterine cavity, usually in the fallopian tube (98% of cases). Classic symptoms include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and delayed or irregular menstruation. Diagnosis is made through a combination of transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG measurements. The treatment approach varies depending on the severity of the case, which may be expectant, medical with methotrexate, or surgical. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to minimize complications and preserve fertility. This article is an integrative literature review. The analysis included a review of studies published between 2008 and 2024, addressing various aspects of the condition, such as epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and treatments used.