Pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies in the prevention and management of heart failure: an updated review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276646Keywords:
Heart failure, pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological intervention, prevention, treatmentAbstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high prevalence and morbidity and mortality. This review aims to analyze the current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches used in the prevention and management of HF, with emphasis on the most recent international guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) between 2018 and 2024 were consulted. It was observed that therapeutic advances, such as the use of neprilysin inhibitors, SGLT2 agonists, and the implementation of cardiac rehabilitation programs, have positively impacted the survival and quality of life of patients. It is concluded that the combination of pharmacological and lifestyle modification interventions represents the best approach for the control of HF.
References
RIEGEL, B. et al. Effect of a standardized nurse case-management intervention on quality of life and rehospitalization in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med, v. 162, p. 705–712, 2002.
SWEDBERG, K. et al. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet, v. 376, p. 875–885, 2010.
YANCY, C. W. et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, v. 70, p. 776–803, 2017.
KOEHLER, F. et al. Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM-HF2): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet, v. 392, p. 1047–1057, 2018.
TAYLOR, R. S. et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, n. 4, CD003331, 2019.
ANKER, S. D. et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med, v. 385, p. 1451–1461, 2021.
BOZKURT, B. et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure. J Card Fail, v. 27, p. 387–413, 2021.
McDONAGH, T. A. et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J, v. 42, p. 3599–3726, 2021.
PACKER, M. et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med, v. 383, p. 1413–1424, 2020.
ARMSTRONG, P. W. et al. Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med, v. 382, p. 1883–1893, 2020.
PONIKOWSKI, P. et al. Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet, v. 396, p. 1895–1904, 2020.
SOLOMON, S. D. et al. Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med, v. 387, p. 1089–1098, 2022.
EZEKOWITZ, J. A. et al. Effect of a low-sodium diet on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: the SODIUM-HF randomized clinical trial. JAMA, v. 327, p. 1116–1126, 2022.
VADUGANATHAN, M. et al. Precision medicine in heart failure: phenotyping and targeted therapies. Eur Heart J, v. 43, p. 1789–1798, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Social Issues and Health Sciences (JSIHS)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
