Analysis of maternal deaths caused by pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Tocantins (2013-2023)

Abstract

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are severe hypertensive complications of pregnancy, responsible for high maternal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy, which can progress to eclampsia, including convulsive seizures with no apparent neurological cause. This study aimed to analyze maternal death cases resulting from these conditions in the state of Tocantins between 2013 and 2023. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, and quantitative study based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and DATASUS. Maternal deaths recorded in the state were included, considering variables such as age group, race/color, and education level. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics with Excel and Tabwin software. The results indicated a total of 5 deaths due to preeclampsia and 15 due to eclampsia during the analyzed period, with the highest prevalence in the 20-29 age group. The most affected racial group was mixed-race, followed by Black and White. The absence of records in some years may be associated with underreporting. The study reinforces the importance of epidemiological surveillance and adequate access to prenatal care for the prevention of these complications. It concludes that, despite the low incidence of deaths, preventive measures and early diagnosis are essential to reducing maternal mortality in Tocantins. Expanding healthcare coverage and training professionals are key strategies to mitigate these risks.