Minimally invasive surgical techniques: benefits, challenges, and future perspectives

Abstract

Minimally invasive surgical techniques have revolutionized surgical practice by reducing tissue trauma, minimizing complications, and expediting patient recovery. This article reviews the benefits, challenges, and future perspectives of these approaches, which include laparoscopic, endoscopic, and other reduced-access procedures. An integrative review of studies published between 2000 and 2023 was conducted to analyze technological innovations, clinical outcomes, and barriers related to training, costs, and ethical issues. The findings indicate that although benefits—such as reduced morbidity, lower postoperative pain, and improved cosmetic results—are well established, significant challenges remain, particularly concerning steep learning curves and high equipment costs. Future perspectives point to the integration of emerging technologies, standardization of training programs, and the implementation of public policies to broaden access to these techniques.