The influence of obesity on the risk of kidney diseases: an epidemiological analysis

Abstract

Obesity is widely recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable chronic diseases, including kidney diseases. The global increase in obesity rates, particularly the accumulation of visceral fat, has raised concerns about its consequences for renal health. This study aims to analyze the influence of obesity on the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), focusing on the epidemiological factors that impact this relationship. The research was conducted through a systematic literature review and analysis of data from observational studies published between 2017 and 2024. The search was performed in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including articles in English or Portuguese that addressed obesity as a risk factor for CKD. The analysis considered variables such as body mass index, abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and renal injuries. The results revealed a strong association between obesity and an increased risk of CKD, particularly in individuals with abdominal obesity. Obesity contributes to the progression of kidney disease through metabolic, inflammatory, and hemodynamic alterations. The study’s conclusion highlights the importance of early interventions, such as weight control and management of comorbidities, to reduce the risk of CKD and improve renal health in the obese population.