Human Rabies in Brazil: epidemiology, transmission by bats and prevention and control strategies

Abstract

Human rabies is a highly lethal viral zoonosis transmitted mainly by bites or scratches from infected animals, especially bats in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions. This study addresses the epidemiology of human rabies transmitted by bats in Brazil between 2010 and 2024, with an emphasis on the environmental, socioeconomic, and ecological factors that favor the transmission of the disease. The analysis revealed that approximately 55.8% of human rabies cases recorded in this period were related to bats, with mortality rates close to 100%. The initial symptoms of the disease are nonspecific, making early diagnosis difficult, which contributes to the high mortality rate. The study also discusses the prevention and control strategies adopted in Brazil, such as vaccination of domestic animals and surveillance of bat populations. The need for more effective public policies, including greater public awareness and access to health services, is highlighted as essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.